All sounds are made from vibrations
Every sounds can be reproduced by adding or combining different Sine Waves together at the different freq
The fundamental is always a Sine Wave (pure tone because it just has 1 basic freq)
The harmonics : it's a frequency which does not change the freq of the fundamental (because in phase) :
Eg: 400Hz is the second harmonique from 200Hz cause 2 * 200 = 400
3 Elements of Sound
- Pitch : Vibrato, Pitch bend, Tremolo, Normal Tuning is 440Hz = A
- Timbre : Fondamental / Harmonic Struturs
- Volume
5 Most Common Wave Forms
- Sine Wave Pure Tone, Fondamental
- Square Wave Sine + (odd) Harmonics -6dB/Oct (-6dB/Oct = divided by 2 per Octave)
- Sawtooth Wave Sine + (odd and even) Harmonics -6dB/Oct ( -6dB/Oct = divided by 2 per Octave)
- Triangle Wave Sine + (odd) Harmonics -12dB/Oct (-12dB/Oct divided by 4 per Octave)
- Pulse Wave (50% = Square)
7 Main Components used in Synths
- Oscillator : OSC, VCO, DCO -> Pitch
- Amplifier : VCA or DCA -> Volume, Loudness
- Filter (also called Modulator) : VCF, DCF
- Timbre | Cutoff / Brightness
- Harmonics
- Volume Envelope Generator : ADSR (For Amp)
- Filter Envelope Generator : ADSR (For Filter)
- Harmonic Env
- Brightness Env
- Pitch Envelope Generator : ADSR (For Oscillators) Pitch, to slide Up/Down/Up & Down
- LFO
- To Modulate Pitch - > Vibrato
- To Modulate Amp -> Tremolo
- To Modulate Filter - > Dub Bass Fx
- To Modulate the width of the Pulse - > Chorus